Lassi Klemettinen, Jayasree Biswas
Waste lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are significant secondary sources of valuable materials, including Critical Raw Materials such as lithium, cobalt, manganese, and graphite, as designated by the European Union. Although pyrometallurgical processes for recycling LIBs are relatively mature, they often result in the loss of critical elements during smelting. This study aims to improve the recovery of essential metals from LIB scrap by integrating hydro- and pyrometallurgical methods. Battery black mass undergoes selective sulfation roasting to convert components into sulfates, followed by leaching in distilled water at 60 °C. The leaching process successfully recovers 95% of lithium, 61% of manganese, and 35% of cobalt. The leaching residue is then mixed with industrial nickel slag and biochar for further treatment. Two experimental series are conducted—one incorporating nickel concentrate and one without—during smelting experiments at 1350 °C in a flowing argon atmosphere. Results depict effective recovery of cobalt and nickel in the slag cleaning stage, providing a more efficient approach for obtaining valuable metals from LIB waste, potentially enhancing recycling processes and contributing to material sustainability.
@article{084024bd-545b-49e6-95b5-c12d34e772b4,
title={2025 Klemettinen et al Roasting Water Leaching Slag Cleaning Li Ion Battery Scrap},
author={Lassi Klemettinen and Jayasree Biswas},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - 2025 Klemettinen et al Roasting Water Leaching Slag Cleaning Li Ion Battery Scrap AU - Lassi Klemettinen AU - Jayasree Biswas PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
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