J.L. Garland, L.H. Levine
This study investigates the impact of three classes of surfactants—anionic, amphoteric, and nonionic—on the performance of hydroponic systems utilizing graywater recycling. The primary objective was to assess the degradation of surfactants and their effect on the growth of dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. USU Apogee) over a series of 21-day trials. The methodology involved adding surfactants in two different modes: a temporally dynamic mode and a continuous mode, followed by monitoring surfactant levels and vegetative growth. Results indicated that sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) degraded rapidly without detrimental effects on plant growth, while cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) and alcohol polyethoxylate (AE) showed significant degradation delay and reduced biomass by 20–25%. The microbial communities associated with the plants effectively degraded CAPB and AE, and subsequent acclimation of these communities enhanced degradation rates and reduced phytotoxicity. Overall, the findings reveal that small hydroponic systems can efficiently handle typical surfactant production per person with minimal adverse effects on crop growth.
@article{158761a3-38ae-4a9c-935b-fed88f679a1c,
title={Response of graywater recycling systems},
author={J.L. Garland and L.H. Levine},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - Response of graywater recycling systems AU - J.L. Garland AU - L.H. Levine PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
This paper addresses the challenge of assessing the feasibility of wind power plant projects at sites with insufficient or no local historic wind data
Important advances in electrochemical engineering technology over the last three decades have fostered the development of a lternative methods to alle
Increasing volumes of waste printed circuit boards from obsolete electronic equipment posed escalating environmental risks and resource losses due to
The leachability tests for manufacturing scrap TV boards (STVB) have indicated the release of metals beyond the limit levels with potential problems f