Set-up and Characterisation of Atmospheric Boundary Layers in the 10’×5’ Wind Tunnel

The Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) plays a critical role in influencing objects exposed to atmospheric conditions, making its study crucial. Due to the high cost of real-world testing, this thesis focuses on replicating marine ABLs in a wind tunnel environment. Two profiles were developed: one that served as a framework establishing commonality between the various international wind engineering standards (‘Profile 1’), and a second profile, which is more suitable for modelling the inflow of wind farms in the English Channel and the North Sea (‘Profile 2’). The ABLs were generated using Irwin spires, and no addition of floor roughness elements, with the flow characteristics measured via Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA), and a multi-hole probe (MHP). MHP showed a reasonably high accuracy when compared to LDA, with less than 1% deviation in the streamwise velocity, and under 5% standard deviation in the streamwise, spanwise, and wall-normal velocity components. The profiles achieved a good agreement with target metrics such as normalised velocity and turbulence intensity. Spanwise uniformity and spectral analysis confirmed the robustness of the simulation across varying inflow velocities. Overall, Irwin spires proved to be a cost-effective and reliable method for simulating marine ABLs, offering valuable insights for optimising offshore wind energy systems.