eversvd,+1 (17)

To meet the increasingly stringent constraints on mobile and point emissions in the wake of the dwindling fortunes of fossil fuels, evaluation of hybrid fuels for application in combustion engines has become an imperative, especially in third world countries. This paper presents modeling of atomization characteristics of gasoline-ethanol fuel blends, employing fuel breakup models and correlations between flow patterns and droplet characteristics implemented in OpenFOAM Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling suite for direct gasoline injector using a simple cylindrical mesh structure at constant volume. The Rosin Rammler distribution model was utilized to generate the number of spray particles injected into the cylinder. The spray modeling and atomization utilized the blob sheet model and Kelvin-Helmholtz-Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) model while the numerical technique for simulating the atomization process included governing equations such as Eulerian for gas phase, Lagrangian for disperse phase and turbulence modeling. The effects of fuel blends, injection pressure, ambient gas pressure and spray cone angle were evaluated on axial spray tip penetration, spray width, and overall Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD). Results indicated that the SMD was affected by varying injection cone angle and that higher spray tip penetration lengths correlated with higher injection pressures. A salient conclusion drawn is that as the number of particles increased, the density of clusters became smaller.