The Chemistry of Solvent Extraction

A significant amount of research has been conducted on the fundamental chemistry of solvent extraction processes, particularly in the fields of inorganic and physical chemistry. This chapter aims to address the limited dissemination of knowledge in this area, focusing on the interplay between research and practical applications. Over the past fifteen years, the field has progressed from basic descriptive studies of metal distribution to a deeper examination of extraction reactions and influencing factors. This evolution has been largely driven by advancements in physico-chemical methods that have enhanced our understanding of extraction dynamics and species composition in the extract. The chapter emphasizes recent studies, particularly those published within the last five years, highlighting a continuous yet steady advancement in the general and physical chemistry of solvent extraction systems. Key areas of ongoing research include amine extractants and neutral organophosphorus compounds, while interest in classical oxygen-bearing extractants is declining. The chapter also categorizes extraction methods into classifications based on reaction types and extractants used, acknowledging the complexity of extraction equilibria and concurrent reactions in these systems.