CFD Modeling of inclusion behavior durin

The production efficiency in continuous slab casting strongly depends on the ability to cast large numbers of ladles in sequence without severe interruptions. The amount of steel necessary to continue the operation during ladle changes at least at a reduced casting speed is supplied by the tundish, which is usually a bath-tube like vessel. During ladle change, ladle and tundish slag is entrained in the steel, leading to an increase in nonmetallic inclusion concentration in the slab. Slag particles with diameters up to 100 µm can compromise material quality. Thus, understanding the extent of affected regions near ladle changes is crucial to avoid material waste or quality issues. This study introduces a mathematical model to precisely locate these regions, using turbulent three-dimensional numerical calculations via the CFD code Fluent. A comprehensive model of the tundish and mould configuration simulates steel flow behavior throughout the entire liquid domain inside the strand. Additionally, a multiphase model, considering particle behavior in liquid steel and removal at boundaries, is implemented. The investigation includes particle diameters between 0 and 1 mm, and unsteady simulations successfully predict inclusion locations along the slab, aligning well with practical experiences.