033 Future Steelmaking Model by Direct Reduction Technologies

Steel production traditionally relies on iron ore and coal, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. This review examines the future of steelmaking with a focus on direct reduction technologies, addressing the environmental impact of the BF–BOF route, which currently dominates crude steel production. With global production anticipated to rise, the pressures created by the depletion of high-grade raw materials and the increase in CO2 emissions necessitate alternative solutions. The proposed methodology involves integrating iron nuggets and direct reduced iron (DRI) into electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking, combining these with scrap to improve steel quality while significantly reducing emissions. This approach leverages the rising steel scrap market and local resources, thus promoting sustainability in iron and steel manufacturing. Findings suggest that steelmaking utilizing direct reduction processes not only conserves high-quality iron ore and coal but also represents a viable, environmentally friendly model for the industry's future. This transition is framed within global efforts to mitigate climate change, thereby fulfilling commitments under international protocols to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.