Fundamental Study on the Production of Woody Biomass Fuel Using Hydrothermal Treatment

This study investigates the production of woody biomass fuel through hydrothermal treatment, focusing on the conversion of Acacia Mangium, which has 43% oxygen content (dry basis). The objective is to understand the reaction mechanisms and resultant product characteristics under specific conditions of temperature (270-350 °C), pressure (8.3-18.4 MPa), and holding time (10 minutes) using a 1 L autoclave. Methodological approaches include Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatogram Mass Spectroscopy, and Fluorescence Spectroscopy to analyze the resultant solid and liquid products. Results indicate that during the treatment, a significant reduction in oxygen content occurred, resulting in a solid product with 14-24% oxygen remaining and enhanced carbon content and heating value. The solid product achieved heating values between 6,900 and 7,160 kcal/kg (dry basis), displaying properties akin to sub-bituminous coal, making it a promising alternative fuel due to high volatile matter, and low sulfur and ash content. The liquid product was identified to consist of various organic compounds including methyl alcohol and acetic acid, contributing to the overall efficiency and utility of the hydrothermal process for biomass fuel production.