Lithium Battery Technology

This document provides an overview of lithium battery technology, focusing on both primary and secondary lithium batteries. It explains the key advantages of lithium batteries—high energy density, long shelf life, and wide operating temperature range—and compares them with Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries. The text describes major primary lithium chemistries (Li-MnO₂ and Li-SOCl₂), including their voltage, energy density, shelf life, temperature performance, typical shapes, and application areas. It outlines the electrochemical working principles of Li-ion batteries and distinguishes rechargeable (secondary) from non-rechargeable (primary) lithium cells. Various Li-ion battery formats (prismatic, coin, and power types) and their typical uses in consumer electronics, tools, vehicles, and other equipment are presented. The document also highlights key safety and handling guidelines, including prohibitions on recharging primary cells, avoiding short circuits and overheating, and proper disposal and recycling practices.