A Review on Integrated Mineral Carbonati

Dramatical increase in the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has led to climate change, which poses a significant threat to human life on Earth. CO2 sequestration via mineral carbonation is one of the most effective methods for mitigating global warming and is the only way that could store CO2 permanently. In recent years, integrating mineral carbonation via ultramafic mine deposits has received significant attention due to its high potential for commercial application. This review compiles work conducted by various researchers over the last few years on integrated mineral carbonation processes in the mining industry, which use mine waste materials as CO2 feedstock for mineral carbonation. The paper introduces the basic theory of mineral carbonation, with a brief description of various techniques that enhance the rate of mineral carbonation. Enhanced mineral carbonation strategies include pre-treatment of feedstock by thermal, chemical, and mechanical activation, and carbonation in direct or indirect routes under gas/solid phase or aqueous phase. The scope of application of integrated mineral carbonation is also discussed, including the types of mines suitable for integrated mineral carbonation, properties of mine waste materials preferable for CO2 sequestration, and worldwide locations potentially viable for integrated mineral carbonation.