An Experimental Study on Construction an

In this study, an investigation was conducted to evaluate the potential of utilizing tile, brick, fire brick, plaster, and concrete wastes derived from construction and demolition (C&D) activities as secondary raw material in the production of Portland cement. The clinker test results indicated that the incorporation of these wastes into cement production was viable. Cement was produced using 1, 2.1, and 3.9 wt. % mixing ratios of C&D waste. Desired phases such as belite and alite, which are crucial for cement products, were identified in the micrographs. Although the resulting cement products met required standards, they exhibited lower strength and hydration heat values. Ultimately, the optimum C&D waste addition ratio was determined, showing practical applicability in cement production. This study highlights the potential of using mixed C&D waste materials as secondary raw materials in cement manufacturing.