A Novel Approach by Image Analysis of Heat‑Treated and Leached Chalcopyrite: Part 1, Investigation of Passivation Layer Decomposition

Hydrometallurgical copper production from chalcopyrite presents a significant challenge: the passive layer. This layer renders the dissolution behavior of chalcopyrite refractory, creating resistance to dissolution in acidic or alkaline media. To surmount this obstacle, various activation methods can be employed, with heat treatment being one of the most prominent for eliminating the passive surface of chalcopyrite. Depending on the applied temperature, heat treatment converts chalcopyrite into different mineral phases. Since the aim is to produce water-soluble phases, temperature monitoring and optimization are crucial. To achieve this, a novel methodology based on the optical properties of the heat-treated samples is proposed. In this context, chalcopyrite concentrates were subjected to heat treatment for 3 h at 10 different temperatures varying between 300 °C and 700 °C, in 50 °C increments. The resulting mineralogical transformations were subsequently determined by XRD analysis and quantified by their respective peak intensities. Image analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between mineralogical composition and visual appearance. The acquired images were converted into numerical data using image analysis and subsequently characterized as chromaticity. The findings indicate strong correlations between chromaticity and mineral peak intensities, demonstrating a successful modeling of the mineral transformation process.