Andrea Giudici, Christoph Pohl
Open-circuit-voltage (OCV) curves are typically regarded as intrinsic chemical properties of electrode materials, but this perspective is insufficient. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of mechanical state and microstructure on the OCV in ion-insertion batteries. Through finite-element simulations and asymptotic analysis, we demonstrate that factors such as particle swelling and external loads enhance particle–particle contact, generating compressive stresses that shift the inserted-ion chemical potential. We find that the OCV adjustment is nonlinear, follows Hertzian contact scaling, and varies with the arrangement of particles, meaning that identical materials can yield different OCV curves in distinct electrode microstructures. Additionally, the mechanical coupling between electrodes in full cells due to common stack stress implies that the cell OCV is a chemo-mechanical property of the whole battery architecture rather than solely a function of chemistry. This study highlights the necessity of considering mechanical influences when assessing OCV in batteries.
@article{3d0904de-4f15-4675-a8e5-c9140bf3fe19,
title={Battery open-circuit voltage is not purely chemical},
author={Andrea Giudici and Christoph Pohl},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - Battery open-circuit voltage is not purely chemical AU - Andrea Giudici AU - Christoph Pohl PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
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