Structure and Properties of Slags Used in the Continuous Casting of Steel: Part 1 Conventional Mould Powders

The continuous casting of steel is heavily reliant on the performance of mould powders, which serve as a crucial factor in the overall success of the process. This study aims to review and analyze the physical properties of mould slags used in continuous casting, focusing on key properties such as viscosity, break temperature, and optical characteristics, which are influenced by the mould dimensions, casting conditions, and the steel grade being cast. Comprehensive evaluations of additional properties, including interfacial tension and density, are conducted to identify optimizations that minimize defects and enhance process reliability. The processes involved in the continuous casting, including the behavior of mould powders and the formation of slag films, are explored to highlight changes occurring at varying temperatures and the resultant physical manifestations. Findings indicate that the thermo-physical properties of conventional mould slags need to be thoroughly understood and monitored to ensure proper lubrication between the shell and the mould, thus preventing sticking and ensuring a smooth casting process. This review serves as a foundational piece for future studies targeting the improvement of mould powders in steelmaking applications.