Resilient transmission proactive hardening and post recovery aga 2027 Applie

With the increasing frequency and intensity of typhoons causing severe damage to power systems, resilient transmission proactive-hardening and post-recovery (RTPHPR) has emerged as a crucial strategy for enhancing power system resilience. This paper presents a comprehensive RTPHPR scheme specially designed to mitigate cascading failure impacts with decision-dependent uncertainty (DDU) considered. Through spatiotemporal typhoon impact modeling, a probabilistic DDU set formulation is introduced to capture dynamic failure sequences with cascading effects included. To overcome the intractability of RTPHPR optimization, a metric-area-based estimation method is proposed and the decoupled sequential optimization framework for RTPHPR optimization is formulated. A tri-level robust optimization framework is established to address the line hardening challenge, accompanied by the proposed strengthened dictionary decomposition algorithm based on two heuristics. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and highlight two critical insights: (i) the substantial impact of typhoon-induced cascading failures on system resilience, and (ii) the importance of incorporating cascading failure considerations in resilience hardening strategies.