Zhe Liu, Lixia Li
Phosphate ores, regarded as critical mineral resources, play a vital role in various industrial applications. Apatite is the primary source of these phosphate resources and necessitates concentration before being processed into industrial products. Flotation is the predominant method for apatite concentration, yet the increasing proportion of fine apatite poses significant separation challenges from gangue minerals, due to their similar surface characteristics. The regulation of interfacial interactions during flotation is essential to the process, encompassing the control of mineral/water interface wettability by flotation reagents, the interactions among mineral particles, and the interactions between mineral particles and bubbles. This review outlines the surface characteristics of apatite and its main gangue minerals, discusses innovative flotation reagents (notably collectors and depressants) and their mechanisms of action on mineral surfaces, and examines current developmental theories on the regulation of interparticle interactions as well as particle-bubble interactions. The study also offers insights into future research directions for interfacial regulation in apatite flotation, aiming to provide references for the advancements in apatite flotation practices.
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