Juan Hernandez-Avila, Edgar Omar Serrano-Mejía
This chapter presents a preliminary study evaluating the cationic exchange capacity of non-metallic minerals for the removal of heavy metals, precious metals, and rare earth elements. Utilizing bentonite, phosphorite, and diatomite, the study investigates their physicochemical behavior in extracting these contaminants from solutions derived from ore leaching. Experimental results demonstrate that all minerals effectively removed over 90% of the targeted elements. Among the materials, phosphorite exhibited exceptional performance, achieving removal rates from 99.43% for Gd to an impressive 99.95–100% for elements such as Ce, Nd, La, Yb, Eu, Er, Sm, Tb, Ge, Pd, Pt, and Au. The study's findings highlight the potential of these non-metallic minerals in environmental remediation processes.
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