Design of optimal electrolyte circulatio

This study addresses the optimization of electrolyte circulation in the silver electrorefining process, focusing on the kinetic modeling of copper dissolution. The objective is to develop a kinetic model for Cu dissolution and design an optimal electrolyte circulation strategy that effectively manages the accumulation of copper ions ([Cu²⁺]) within the electrolyte, crucial for maintaining product quality even at higher current densities. A series of experiments were conducted using synthetic silver electrolyte formulations that simulate industrial electrorefining conditions, with variable parameters such as silver ion concentration ([Ag⁺]), nitric acid concentration ([HNO₃]), and temperature. The study established key experimental conditions and their effects on the dissolution kinetics of copper, ultimately leading to a recommended optimized electrolyte circulation design. Results indicate that by carefully controlling the electrolyte composition and circulation, stable copper ion levels can be sustained, facilitating improved electrorefining efficiency and product purity. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the electrochemical behaviors in silver electrorefining and lays the groundwork for enhancing operational parameters in industrial applications.