ISMAEL CALDERO´ N-RAMOS, RODOLFO D. MORALES
This study investigates the effect of submerged entry nozzle (SEN) port shapes on fluid flow turbulence in a slab mold designed for liquid steel casting, employing a 1:1 scale water model to reproduce flow conditions. The objective is to analyze the fluid dynamics associated with two SEN designs: bifurcated nozzles with rectangular (SEN-R) and square (SEN-S) ports at immersion depths of 115 and 185 mm. The methodology includes particle image velocimetry and video recording to capture the flow behavior. Results indicate that both SEN designs experience significant wandering and raveling effects that intensify turbulence within the meniscus region. Notably, velocity spikes—in which the flow velocities exceed the standard deviation of the average velocity—were more frequent and larger using SEN-R compared to SEN-S, potentially impacting steel quality adversely. A criterion based on the capillary number, which compares viscous-inertial and surface forces at the metal-slag interface, was utilized to quantitatively assess the performance of each nozzle design. The findings contribute to understanding flow behavior in slab casting and highlight design considerations for minimizing turbulence and improving material quality.
@article{44a9ee98-cb42-48c7-9a82-5a50eca1faad,
title={The Role of Submerged Entry Nozzle Port},
author={ISMAEL CALDERO´ N-RAMOS and RODOLFO D. MORALES},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - The Role of Submerged Entry Nozzle Port AU - ISMAEL CALDERO´ N-RAMOS AU - RODOLFO D. MORALES PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
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