Santosh Kumar, Biswasi Sunita Minz
Chemistry and inclusion control are essential to producing quality steel products, particularly regarding steel cleanliness during secondary metallurgy and continuous casting. This paper reviews the interactions between liquid steel, slag, atmosphere, and refractories, emphasizing the degradation of steel quality through various metallurgical reactions. It highlights how reactions in a steel ladle or degassing device can lead to the dissolution of refractories, and thus negatively impact steel quality through the introduction of non-deformable inclusions. The paper notes that MgO and calcium aluminate inclusions arising from refractory corrosion contribute significantly to steel contamination, particularly in Al-killed steel grades. Moreover, the clogging issue in submerged entry nozzles due to oxide attachment during continuous casting is discussed, which can further affect castability and the final quality of steel. The review underscores the importance of investigating the effect of refractory materials on the evolution of exogenous inclusions across various methods of steel production. Overall, understanding the complex interactions between refractories and liquid steel is vital for enhancing steel cleanliness and quality.
@article{44e6c347-f3ef-4acb-a8ea-6367a5718f99,
title={Interaction between Refractory and Liqui},
author={Santosh Kumar and Biswasi Sunita Minz},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - Interaction between Refractory and Liqui AU - Santosh Kumar AU - Biswasi Sunita Minz PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
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