Hossein Kamran Haghighi, Mehdi Irannajad
The solvent extraction of germanium and some heavy metals by commercial tri-octyl/decyl amine (Alamine 336), N-methyl-N,N-dioctyl chloride (Aliquat 336) and phosphine oxide (Cyanex 923) has been studied. In each extraction system, germanium was only extracted from a solution containing nickel, cadmium, cobalt, and zinc, which had a composition similar to gasification coal fly ash aqueous leach solutions. Under a comparable condition, the germanium extraction efficiency by the aforementioned extractants was in the order Aliquat 336 > Alamine 336 > Cyanex 923. The slope analysis method showed that 2 moles of Alamine 336 and Aliquat 336, as well as 4 moles of Cyanex 923, participated in the extraction of germanium. In amine extraction systems, tartaric acid was required as a complexing agent to recover germanium in ionic species. As a result, the ratio of 2 (mole ratio of tartaric acid to Ge) was required to complete anionic complexation. On the other hand, oxalic acid with a concentration of 0.1 M was chosen as a proper solvend in the Cyanex 923 system. HCl solutions with concentrations of 1 and 2 M were sufficient to strip the germanium from Alamine 336 and Aliquat 336, respectively. In addition, 0.1 M NaOH was sufficient for germanium stripping from Cyanex 923. Consequently, it can be concluded that Aliquat 336 can be an economical and industry-friendly extractant for germanium solvent extraction from a mixed solution.
@article{45de61ff-92b5-4524-b212-b759f91db8f5,
title={Recovery of germanium from leach solutio},
author={Hossein Kamran Haghighi and Mehdi Irannajad},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - Recovery of germanium from leach solutio AU - Hossein Kamran Haghighi AU - Mehdi Irannajad PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
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