Vladislav S. Olkhovsky, Erasmo Recami
A unified time analysis of photon and nonrelativistic particle tunneling is presented, where time is treated as a quantum observable that is canonically conjugated to energy. This approach allows for self-consistent definitions of tunneling times based purely on conventional quantum mechanics or one-dimensional quantum electrodynamics. The validity of the Hartman effect, which posits that tunneling duration remains independent of barrier width, resulting in superluminal group velocities of the tunneling packet, is verified across known mean tunneling time expressions. Additionally, noteworthy generalizations and deviations from the Hartman effect are briefly examined. The analogy between particle and photon tunneling is effectively utilized, which facilitates an explanation for recent intriguing microwave and optical experimental findings regarding tunneling times. The discussion extends to address certain aspects of the causality problem related to particle and photon tunneling.
@article{45f049e8-7bd3-456d-81d2-50bd05fd8d11,
title={Unified time analysis of photon and part},
author={Vladislav S. Olkhovsky and Erasmo Recami},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - Unified time analysis of photon and part AU - Vladislav S. Olkhovsky AU - Erasmo Recami PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
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