Copper Mining Solid Waste as Replacement Aggregate of River Sand in Cement Mortar to Investigate the Effect on Fresh, Durability and Microstructural Properties: A Walkthrough to Sustainability

The present study investigates the feasibility and efficiency of utilizing copper mining solid waste as a replacement aggregate for river sand in cement mortar. The objective is to evaluate the impact of this substitution on the fresh properties, durability, and microstructural characteristics of the mortar. An experimental approach is undertaken, wherein various mixes are prepared with varying proportions of copper mining waste and river sand. The fresh properties are assessed through workability tests, while the durability is examined using water absorption, compressive strength, and permeability tests. Microstructural analysis is conducted using scanning electron microscopy to understand the bonding and structural integrity of the mortar. Results indicate that replacing river sand with copper mining waste can result in satisfactory workability while enhancing certain durability aspects of the mortar. Optimal proportions of copper waste improve compressive strength compared to traditional river sand mortar. Additionally, microstructural analysis reveals denser packing and improved bonding, contributing to the sustainability of construction materials. This research provides a comprehensive overview of alternative aggregates that can reduce environmental impact while maintaining performance standards in cement-based composites.