Smart Campus as Digital Transformation in Indonesian Universities: A Research Landscape Perspective

The smart campus concept has emerged as a strategic response by universities worldwide, including in Indonesia, to address digital disruption in higher education. Although scholarly interest in smart campuses is growing, existing studies are fragmented and predominantly emphasize technological aspects rather than comprehensive institutional transformation. This study aims to map the intellectual structure, dominant themes, and thematic evolution of smart campus research with a particular focus on the Indonesian context. Using a bibliometric approach with the Bibliometrix package in R, it conducts co-word analysis, thematic mapping, and conceptual structure analysis based on Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). The results show that themes such as “students” and “smart campus” function as motor themes, while “higher education,” “educational computing,” and “smart universities” appear as basic themes characterized by high centrality but low density. This pattern indicates that, although these core concepts are structurally important, they remain conceptually underdeveloped. The study contributes by providing a systematic overview of smart campus research and proposing a future research agenda that emphasizes socio-technical integration and institutional transformation in Indonesian higher education.