Cyanide Remediation: Current and Past Technologies

Cyanide (CN -) is a toxic species predominantly found in industrial effluents generated by metallurgical operations, necessitating thorough remediation strategies. This study aims to review various cyanide remediation technologies, focusing on their effectiveness for different cyanide species, including free cyanide, thiocyanate, weak-acid dissociables, and strong-acid dissociables. Methodologically, an extensive literature review was conducted to compare known separation and oxidation techniques for cyanide remediation, with a focus on their reaction mechanisms. Results indicate that while the existing technologies are generally environmentally sound, specific measures must be adopted to prevent accidental spills that could contaminate water sources and soils. The efficacy of these remediation methods varies according to the type of cyanide species being treated, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate technologies for different circumstances. This review underscores the critical nature of addressing cyanide pollution in industrial operations to safeguard environmental and public health.