Accumulation and environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in soil and plants of four different ecosystems in a former polymetallic ores mining and smelting area (Slovakia)

This study investigates the accumulation and environmental risks posed by heavy metals including Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soil and plants across four distinct ecosystems situated in a former polymetallic ores mining and smelting area in Slovakia. The objectives were to assess the levels of heavy metal concentration in both soil and plant samples and to evaluate the potential ecological risks associated with these contaminants. The methodology included systematic sampling of soil and plant materials, followed by chemical analysis to determine heavy metal content. The results indicate significant accumulation of heavy metals in both the soil and plant samples, with variations observed across different ecosystems. Elevated concentrations of certain metals exceeded permissible limits, raising serious environmental concerns regarding soil degradation and potential food chain contamination. This assessment underscores the need for ongoing monitoring and remediation efforts in regions impacted by mining activities, particularly regarding the health risks to local populations and ecosystems. The findings contribute essential data necessary for effective environmental management and policy formulation aimed at mitigating the risks associated with heavy metal pollution.