Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted considerable research interest due to their favorable properties, including light weight, low cost, low-temperature fabrication, semi-transparency, and mechanical flexibility. Recent developments have achieved over 10% efficiency in single-junction OSCs, making them competitive with commercial silicon photovoltaics. However, maximizing efficiency requires balancing light absorption and charge transport. Plasmonic light-trapping is a promising strategy to enhance absorption while preserving charge transport efficiency. This work reviews recent progress in plasmonic-enhanced OSCs using metal-based plasmonic structures, covering both experimental and theoretical studies. Among the various designs, metallic nanoparticles are preferred because of their strong scattering, tunable size and shape, and sensitivity to the dielectric environment. Plasmonic design approaches can significantly increase absorption while reducing the physical thickness of active layers, enabling new solar cell architectures. Furthermore, plasmonic preparation and integration methods are compatible with standard solar cell fabrication, supporting their practical application.
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