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Development of an Adaptive Speed Control

Adeoti A. J., Lawal O. A.

2026enelectric bikesadaptive controlfuzzy logicspeed controlsensor fusionenergy efficiency

Abstract

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This paper presents the development and experimental validation of an adaptive speed control system for pedal-assist electric bicycles (e-bikes). Conventional e-bikes, which rely on fixed assistance levels, often provide a suboptimal riding experience. To address this, we designed a system centered on a Fuzzy-Proportional-Integral (Fuzzy-PI) controller. This system leverages real-time data from a torque sensor and a speed sensor to dynamically adjust the motor's power output, aiming to maintain a rider-set target speed seamlessly. The prototype e-bike, built around a 500W motor and an STM32F4 microcontroller, was tested against a conventional PI controller. Results demonstrate that the adaptive Fuzzy-PI system offers superior performance, including faster response to load changes (~0.1s vs. ~0.3s settling time), minimal speed overshoot (<2% vs. >7%), and improved energy efficiency. This research confirms that intelligent, adaptive control can significantly enhance rider comfort, safety, and battery life in personal mobility solutions.

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Cite This Work

@article{51a7846d-0331-4e3d-afda-f6a9e1ae4594,
  title={Development of an Adaptive Speed Control},
  author={Adeoti A. J. and Lawal O. A.},
  year={2026},
  language={en}
}
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Development of an Adaptive Speed Control
AU  - Adeoti A. J.
AU  - Lawal O. A.
PY  - 2026
LA  - en
ER  -

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