Electrochemical Technologies for Energy Storage and Conversion

This chapter reviews the contemporary demand, challenges, and future perspectives of energy resources while discussing relevant socio-economical and environmental issues impacting the global energy status. The objective is to explore better energy options through clean and sustainable sources such as hydro, biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuel as alternatives to conventional energy materials. Employing methodologies like electrolysis, photoelectrochemical, and photocatalytic water-splitting techniques demonstrates efforts for green fuel generation. Additionally, advancements in electrochemical technology for various energy storage and conversion devices, including rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells, are summarized. The chapter underlines the critical dependence on energy in the global economy while assessing the geographical distribution of oil reserves and the future trajectory of energy consumption rates, which are projected to escalate significantly by 2050. Thus, it raises awareness of the pressing need for innovative and sustainable energy solutions in the face of economic and environmental challenges.