Environmental Impacts of Mining and Processing of Minerals: A Review

This review explores the environmental impacts associated with mining and processing of minerals, emphasizing both the economic benefits and the detrimental effects on natural ecosystems. Mining significantly contributes to the GDP of mineral-rich countries and creates employment opportunities; however, it is often coupled with neglect and greed, leading to adverse environmental consequences. Pollution of air, water, and land, as well as a degradation of soil quality and loss of vegetation, are highlighted as key issues. This review specifically addresses the impacts of open-cast mining and processing of minerals such as marble, granite, sandstone, and limestone, focusing on air and water pollution as well as broader land impacts. The findings reveal that mining activities lead to significant destruction of local environments, including loss of forest cover and depletion of water resources. Dust and gas emissions present ongoing air quality challenges and are critical concerns requiring attention. The review concludes that adopting sustainable mining practices and implementing stringent mining policies are essential for mitigating these environmental impacts and preserving natural ecosystems.