Genaro Hernandez-Valdez, Mario Reyes-Ayala
In this paper, a biconical patch antenna with inscribed third iteration fractal Sierpinsky gasket is designed and optimized for operating at unlicensed ISM frequency bands. A circular split ring resonator (CSRR) is used as a defected ground-plane structure for improving antenna matching. The initial design step of the proposed antenna is based on the design methodology of multi-resonant Sierpinsky fractal patch antennas with inscribed triangular fractal geometry. Building on this, a simulation tool for high frequency electromagnetic structures is employed to optimize antenna performance. The experimental prototype is built and characterized using antenna pattern measurement equipment and a network analyzer. Experimental results show that the built antenna presents return losses of -23 dB, coupling bandwidth percentage of 10 %, antenna gain of 6.8 dBi, and VSWR of 1.14 at the 2.4 GHz resonant frequency. The corresponding values at the 5.9 GHz resonant frequency are -33 dB, 9 %, 8.7 dBi, and 1.043, respectively. These results show that the proposed antenna presents suitable characteristics for low range wireless communications such as WiFi (wireless LAN), Bluetooth, and ZigBee technologies.
@article{5760c869-97bf-4dc0-8b66-2abbb9f99e34,
title={Biconical Patch Antenna with Inscribed F},
author={Genaro Hernandez-Valdez and Mario Reyes-Ayala},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - Biconical Patch Antenna with Inscribed F AU - Genaro Hernandez-Valdez AU - Mario Reyes-Ayala PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
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