A cooperative framework for building cluster charging cluster a 2027 Appli

Small-scale distribution-side entities, such as buildings and charging stations, can provide considerable flexibility for renewable energy (RE) accommodation but usually lack sufficient scale and institutional channels to participate independently in carbon-related accounting and settlement. This paper proposes a cooperative framework that connects a building cluster, a charging cluster, and a microgrid park for coordinated sharing of energy, carbon allowances, and green electricity certificates (GECs). Buildings and charging stations are aggregated into cluster-level participants, and carbon allowance sharing is modeled as coalition-level carbon-responsibility settlement among aggregated participants, with external carbon-market interactions implemented through eligible entities where applicable. The framework couples physical energy sharing with GEC-based green-electricity accounting and carbon allowance sharing, enabling low-emission flexible resources to support carbon-cost mitigation for the microgrid park. A bi-level Nash bargaining model is developed to coordinate coalition-level cooperation and intra-cluster settlement, and is solved by a predictor-corrector-mechanism (PCM) based alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Case studies in Lhasa, China, show that compared with S4, where the three aggregated participants operate independently, the proposed framework reduces total operating cost and accounted carbon-emission liability by 43.40% and 7.87%, respectively.