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The Internet of Things (IOT) has been growing rapidly in recent years, with wireless sensor networks serving as a fundamental component of this technology. This study aims to address the challenge of minimizing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks through the implementation of a novel routing protocol. The methodology involves dividing the operational area into multiple layers to control the network topology, where lower layers transmit data to higher layers culminating at a central sink. Cluster heads in the final layer are selected based on a ratio of distance to energy, ensuring nodes chosen have shorter distances and higher energy levels. The study utilizes fuzzy algorithms and harmony search to identify optimal nodes for cluster heads, promoting energy efficiency. Results indicate that the proposed protocol significantly outperforms existing protocols such as LEACH and HSACP in energy consumption, achieving improvements of approximately 65% and 35% respectively. Consequently, this new protocol not only enhances energy efficiency but also extends the network's lifetime. The findings suggest that this innovative approach can effectively enhance the sustainability of wireless sensor networks in IoT applications.