Comparison of CFD Simulations with Exper

This study focuses on the comparison between experimental measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to understand nozzle clogging mechanisms in continuous casting of steels. The objective is to analyze the clog deposit thickness on commercial continuous casting nozzles and correlate these measurements with CFD predictions regarding melt flow patterns and particle interactions. Methodologically, experimental deposits were measured on the internal surfaces of a submerged entry nozzle (SEN) that was sectioned after being encased in epoxy. Concurrently, CFD simulations were performed utilizing the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach coupled with a detached eddy simulation turbulent model, closely replicating the industrial geometry and operating conditions. Results from the CFD simulations indicated that areas of convergence within the nozzle's cross-section enhanced melt velocity and turbulence, resulting in a local reduction of clog deposit thickness. Additionally, they predicted increased particle attachment rates in the divergent sections of the nozzle, which aligned with the observed industrial measurements. This research enhances the understanding of clogging behaviors in nozzle systems, ultimately assisting in improving productivity and quality in steel production.