Recent advances in nanomaterials modified thread based elect 2026 Next Mater

Electrochemical sensor is an analytical tool capable of rapid, sensitive, and selective analysis of clinical samples. While most electrochemical sensors are traditionally fabricated on rigid platforms, there is a need to use flexible, cost-effective, and wearable electrochemical biosensors. Thread-based electrochemical biosensors (TEBs) have recently emerged as an affordable, lightweight, and environmentally friendly alternative, finding applications in diverse fields such as disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and metabolite detection. In this review article, we discussed the recent advancements in the development of thread-based biosensors, emphasizing the role of nanomaterials in their fabrication. We also discussed various fabrication techniques in detail, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we explore the wide range of applications of thread-based biosensors, including disease diagnosis, metabolite detection, electrolyte monitoring, and hormone analysis. We address the key challenges in developing thread-based biosensors, including material durability, sensitivity, and integration with electronic systems. We also discuss future prospects, highlighting their potential as wearable diagnostic tools for human sweat analysis and point-of-care healthcare applications.