Silk Fibroin Hybrids for Biological Scaf

Regenerative Medicine (RM) aims to regenerate tissues and organs to address challenges related to transplants, such as availability, rejection risks, and immunosuppression. This review focuses on recent advancements in the fabrication of bioactive scaffolds utilizing 3D printing technology, which can closely emulate physiological structures. Specific materials including silk fibroin, tannin, and graphene are evaluated for their ability to enhance the electro-bio-mechanical properties of scaffolds for clinical application. Silk fibroin serves as a natural biopolymer, tannin is a reactive polyphenol with antioxidant properties, and graphene contributes significantly to mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. The synergistic effect of polyphenols and graphene in silk fibroin scaffolds was successfully demonstrated, leading to the development of optimal bioadhesives and supporting neuronal precursor cell proliferation in vitro. The findings indicate significant potential for these materials in market-competitive biomedical applications, particularly in the field of tissue engineering.