The Real Cost of the Global Warming Mania — Hydrometallurgy Versus Pyrometallurgy

In the past two decades, the global metalliferous mineral industry has shifted from pyrometallurgical to hydrometallurgical technologies, including biometallurgical processes, driven by legislation favoring environmentally friendly options. This study aims to compare the environmental and energy costs of pyromet processes for copper and cobalt against hydromet processes using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The findings reveal that the 'real cost' associated with the focus on global warming and the negative perception of pyrometallurgy results in greater carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption per unit for current hydromet technologies. Specific examples of copper and cobalt production through different methods are presented, alongside a critique of the scientific basis behind the global warming hypothesis. The research emphasizes the use of LCA with sensitivity analysis as a valuable decision-making tool for mineral processing projects and technology developers. The paper concludes that while both pyromet and hydromet technologies have evolved, the ongoing global warming discourse significantly influences industry practices, necessitating a balanced approach toward sustainability in metallurgical operations.