Harald Laux, Stein Tore Johansen
The study investigates the behavior of a plunging jet during the tapping of steel and its effect on gas entrainment into the steel bath in a ladle, utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for analysis. The objective is to better understand the gas entrainment rate and its influence on the flow pattern within the ladle. Methodologically, two numerical methods are employed, specifically for free-surface flows and dispersed multiphase flow, which are integrated to create a transport equation that accounts for average bubble diameter influenced by coalescence and breakup phenomena. Results reveal that the gas entrainment rate is significantly impacted by the material properties of the liquid, which in turn affect the geometry of the jet. Additionally, a wide range of bubble sizes is predicted within the ladle, demonstrating the efficacy of the dispersed diameter model in responding to variations in material parameters and turbulence. However, the analysis acknowledges limitations due to simplifications made in the study, suggesting that further refinements are necessary to gain comprehensive insights into the tapping process.
@article{742fbe63-678c-4ce5-aa85-fe8140deb3f3,
title={A CFD analysis of the air entrainment rate due to a plunging steel jet combining mathematical models for dispersed and separated multiphase flows},
author={Harald Laux and Stein Tore Johansen},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - A CFD analysis of the air entrainment rate due to a plunging steel jet combining mathematical models for dispersed and separated multiphase flows AU - Harald Laux AU - Stein Tore Johansen PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
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