Electrode crosstalk in rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries spec 2027 Applie

Rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries fail through reactions that couple the two electrodes as well as through local degradation. Dissolved cathode products, soluble redox intermediates and electrolyte gradients can cross the separator, alter the receiving interface and redistribute active material, zinc and water. This Review defines electrode crosstalk by a source, a transmitted species or perturbation, and a consequential interaction at the opposite electrode. It distinguishes direct chemical transfer from electrolyte-mediated coupling while allowing both pathways to operate in the same cell. Manganese, vanadium, Prussian blue analogue, halogen, selenium and organic cathodes are compared through their carrier chemistry and zinc-side reactions. Liquid, gel and solid electrolytes are examined in terms of their conducting phase, species partitioning and interfacial contact. A six-level evidence hierarchy separates source generation, crossover, arrival, receiver reaction and causal intervention. Consistent definitions of permeability, molar dose and reaction-associated charge loss connect these measurements with cell capacity without conflating ionic charge and reaction stoichiometry. Quantitative examples show how imported species and interfacial regulation affect corrosion, hydrogen evolution and zinc deposition. Mitigation is assessed against resistance, recoverable inventory and cell-level energy, including the possibility of relocating failure.