Christian Spreafico, Samruddha Kokare
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising approach for the sustainable production of large-scale metal components. This study presents the first prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) focused on the gate-to-gate manufacturing stage of seven patented, currently immature WAAM technologies. These technologies are projected to reach industrial maturity by 2035 and are evaluated in both laboratory-scale and anticipated industrial-scale configurations. Key findings reveal that future WAAM systems may reduce environmental impacts by an average of 45% at the lab-scale and 74% at the industrial scale compared to current WAAM systems. Multi-axis WAAM also demonstrates environmental advantages, with a 21% lower impact compared to planar setups at the lab scale. These sustainability improvements, which remain consistent across various future scenarios, highlight promising pathways for improving WAAM technologies, particularly favouring plasma-based and multi-axis systems for large-scale applications.
@article{7b284da3-ec21-4d7c-8f0c-644f7d5ad90b,
title={Prospective life cycle assessment of fut},
author={Christian Spreafico and Samruddha Kokare},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - Prospective life cycle assessment of fut AU - Christian Spreafico AU - Samruddha Kokare PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
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