Material Evaluation to Prevent Nozzle Cl

The continuous casting process is critical in the production of steel, constituting 90% of global steel output; submerged entry nozzles (SENs) play a pivotal role in maintaining the stability and quality of the casting operation. This study investigates the clogging phenomenon of SENs, which inhibits normal casting operations due to material deposition. By focusing on the interactions between liquid steel flow and the SEN's refractory materials, particularly Al2O3-carbon and other compounds, we explore how oxygen activity near the refractory wall influences the formation of a first reaction layer. The methodology includes examining various factors leading to the clogging mechanism, such as air leakage and gas generation from redox reactions. Our findings reveal that the initial formation of an alumina layer creates ideal conditions for the deposition of inclusions from the molten steel, predominantly comprising Al2O3 and steel, with traces of SiO2 and CaO. The rough surface of the formed alumina layer enhances particle deposition. This study contributes to the understanding of clogging processes in SENs, ultimately aiming to improve continuous casting efficiencies and product quality.