Comprehensive Review of Climate Change Mitigation through Cutting-edge LNG Technologies

This document already contains an explicit abstract. Cleaned up: This paper comprehensively reviews the potential of cutting-edge LNG technologies to mitigate climate change. It explores advancements in liquefaction processes, focusing on cryogenic heat exchangers, mixed refrigerant cycles, and turbo molecular expanders, aiming to improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are examined as a strategy to capture and store CO₂ emissions generated during LNG production. Novel approaches to methane emissions reduction, such as advanced leak detection and repair, membrane-based technologies, and utilization of boil-off gas, are also discussed. While LNG plays a significant role in the global energy landscape, its life cycle raises concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, particularly methane leakage. The paper analyzes the efficient transportation and distribution of LNG, including shipping technologies, cryogenic insulation, boil-off gas management, and supply chain optimization strategies for emissions reduction, as well as safe and responsible storage and handling practices onshore and offshore. It further examines LNG utilization in power generation, transportation, and industrial processes, highlighting emissions reduction potential alongside infrastructure and cost challenges. Emphasis is placed on life cycle assessments, collaborative efforts among stakeholders, and continued research and supportive policies as essential to harnessing LNG’s potential for a climate-conscious energy future.