Charif Gakwisiri, Nitin Raut
Heavy metals are the most hazardous pollutants present in industrial and domestic wastewater, often leading to significant environmental degradation and posing health risks. This paper reviews the technological aspects related to the removal of zinc from these wastewaters, which serves as a critical step in mitigating the impacts of industrial waste. Given the direct link between untreated heavy metals and ecological harm, it explores various methodologies employed for treatment, including primary and secondary treatment processes designed to eliminate contaminants and reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Techniques such as the use of activated sludge, trickling filters, and oxidation ponds are examined for their effectiveness in degrading organic material and metallic ions. A summary of existing international agreements highlights the urgent need for rigorous control of harmful heavy metal discharge into the environment. The results of this review provide valuable insights into the efficacy of different treatment strategies and underscore the importance of developing robust methods for heavy metal removal to protect both health and ecological integrity.
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author={Charif Gakwisiri and Nitin Raut},
year={2026},
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