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Third-Phase Formation in Rare Earth Element Extraction with D2EHPA: Key Factors and Impact on Liquid Membrane Extraction Performance

Raquel Rodríguez Varela, Alexandre Chagnes

2025Englishsolvent extractionhydrometallurgyliquid-liquid extractionsx-ewrare earth elementsliquid membranes

Abstract

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Hollow fibre renewal liquid membranes (HFRLMs) are susceptible to third-phase formation during rare earth element (REE) extraction using D2EHPA (bis(2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid)), potentially leading to membrane fouling and decreased mass transfer efficiency. This study investigated the effects of various parameters, such as the composition of the aqueous feed and organic phases, on the third-phase formation and limiting organic concentration (LOC) of REE(III) in D2EHPA. Higher concentrations of REEs and a higher pH in the feed phase correlated with decreased mass transfer, while yttrium showed a greater propensity to induce third-phase formation compared to other REEs. Conditions favouring the use of linear aliphatic diluents, low extractant concentrations (5–10 v/v% D2EHPA) and the absence of modifiers also contributed to third-phase formation. The addition of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) mitigated third-phase formation without evidence of synergy with D2EHPA. These findings provide key insights into formulating extraction systems that prevent third-phase formation in HFRLM processes.

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Cite This Work

@article{96ba5e84-4a14-453c-9585-cc1dcbbe0a5b,
  title={Third-Phase Formation in Rare Earth Element Extraction with D2EHPA: Key Factors and Impact on Liquid Membrane Extraction Performance},
  author={Raquel Rodríguez Varela and Alexandre Chagnes},
  year={2025},
  language={English}
}
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Third-Phase Formation in Rare Earth Element Extraction with D2EHPA: Key Factors and Impact on Liquid Membrane Extraction Performance
AU  - Raquel Rodríguez Varela
AU  - Alexandre Chagnes
PY  - 2025
LA  - English
ER  -

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