Activity and stability of RuO2 coated ti

Titanium anodes with an active RuO2 coating of two different thicknesses were prepared from the oxide suspended in ethanol using the 'ink' method, synthesized via hydrolysis of ruthenium ethoxide in an ethanolic solution. The morphology of prepared oxide was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the Ti/RuO2 anodes, including cyclic voltammetric behavior in H2SO4 and NaCl solutions, activity in chlorine and oxygen evolution reactions, impedance behavior in H2SO4, and stability during electrolysis in dilute chloride solutions, were thoroughly investigated. Comparisons with Ti/RuO2 oxide produced by the sol-gel method indicate that anodes made via the alkoxide route exhibited superior capacitance and chlorine evolution activity. Stability tests revealed that the alkoxide route provides better utilization of the active coating material, particularly for lesser coating masses. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism of these anodes is characterized by a predominance of electrochemical dissolution of RuO2 over the growth of an insulating TiO2 layer at the coating/Ti substrate interface, with the rate of RuO2 dissolution increasing with coating mass.