Shabnam Sabah, Ujwal Kudaru
The blast furnace (BF) has been the predominant technology for producing molten iron since its invention and widespread adoption. Challenges of decarbonisation and production of direct reduced iron (DRI) from low-grade iron ore have raised the potential for incorporating electric smelting furnaces (ESFs) into the direct reduced iron-basic oxygen furnace (DRI-BOF) pathway to produce molten iron. This paper critically reviews the current understanding of ESF technology for ironmaking, identifies key knowledge gaps, and proposes directions for further research. Developed smelting technologies, like the Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF), have been widely used in ferro-alloy production for more than 100 years, yet three ESFs are currently operational worldwide for molten iron production but lack sufficient scale to replace BF operations. The Open Slag Bath Furnace (OSBF) shows promise in processing low-grade DRI, operating at higher resistance and power levels than SAFs. However, the increased heat loss through radiation from the OSBF roof poses a challenge to energy efficiency and refractory wear. This review underscores the necessity for independent research on OSBF and emphasizes potential pathways for advancing ESF technology towards sustainable iron production.
@article{98bf645e-8dd5-4695-acfd-1314aa6813ac,
title={Application of Electric Smelting Furnace to Ironmaking},
author={Shabnam Sabah and Ujwal Kudaru},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - Application of Electric Smelting Furnace to Ironmaking AU - Shabnam Sabah AU - Ujwal Kudaru PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
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