Potential use of geothermal energy sourc

The lithium-ion battery is among the most promising technologies for energy storage in various applications; however, its high production cost limits market penetration. This study quantifies the energy and temperatures involved in the lithium-ion battery production process, revealing that the drying process accounts for 45-57% of energy consumption. We propose utilizing geothermal steam as a thermal resource in Iceland to replace traditional electric heating methods. Our findings indicate that a tray dryer with conduction heating under vacuum operation is most effective, potentially reducing energy costs from 0.013SD/Ah to 0.008SD/Ah. Over 15 years, this energy adjustment could decrease energy expenditure to about 2% of total costs, significantly lower than the 12-15% observed in Europe. Additionally, by switching energy sources, the project's internal rate of return could rise from 11% to 23%, while carbon emissions would drop to 393.4-215.19 g/Ah, equating to only 2-5% of emissions linked to conventional battery production. Thus, integrating geothermal energy into lithium-ion battery manufacturing in Iceland presents a sustainable and economically viable alternative.