Uranium Remediation by Ion Exchange and Sorption Methods: A Critical Review

As the world's demand for energy grows, nuclear energy becomes increasingly relevant, with uranium playing a critical role in its production and associated waste management. This review aims to evaluate various solid phase sorbents employed in the remediation of uranium from industrial waste streams and surface waters, focusing on their capabilities and effectiveness. A comprehensive analysis of the current literature on uranium remediation techniques is presented, discussing the environmental speciation of uranium and the advantages of different ion exchangers. The study evaluates numerous applications of solid phase sorbents, highlighting the criteria for effective selection and usage in remediation processes. Recommendations for the optimization of existing technologies and further research directions are also proposed, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches in addressing the environmental challenges posed by uranium contamination. This critical review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of environmental chemistry and remediation technologies.