The influence of nanostructured materials on biointerfacial interactions

Control over biointerfacial interactions in vitro and in vivo is the key to many biomedical applications, including cell culture, diagnostic tools, drug delivery, biomaterials, and regenerative medicine. The increasing use of nanostructured materials has intensified the need for a deeper understanding of how these new materials influence biointerfacial interactions, particularly protein adsorption and subsequent cellular responses. Various nanoscale material properties affect these interactions and their toxicity. While manipulating material nanochemistry and nanotopography remains a challenge, simultaneous acquisition of knowledge regarding biological responses to these materials is crucial for their effective clinical application. This review highlights key technologies for the fabrication of nanostructured materials, examines how these materials influence protein and cell behavior at surfaces, and details important analytical techniques employed in this area of research.