Review of fabrication methods of large a

Graphene is a two-dimensional material showing excellent properties for utilization in transparent electrodes; it has low sheet resistance, high optical transmission and is flexible. The most common transparent electrode material, tin-doped indium-oxide (ITO), is brittle, less transparent and expensive, limiting its compatibility in flexible electronics as well as in low-cost devices. This review discusses two large-area fabrication methods for graphene-based transparent electrodes for industry: liquid exfoliation and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The basic methodologies behind these technologies are elaborated upon with an emphasis on the optical and electrical properties of recent results. State-of-the-art methods for liquid exfoliation achieve an electrical and optical conductivity ratio of 43:5, slightly exceeding the industry minimum requirement of 35, while CVD reaches as high as 419. This review aims to provide insight into the advantages of graphene for transparent electrode applications and the current advancements in fabrication techniques.